Lichens In A Sentence

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• Some people who study lichens ( lichenologists ) group squamulose lichens separately from crustose lichens.
• Competition for space with other lichens stimulates longer stipes to develop, whereby the squamules may overlay other lichens.
• Sometimes lichens contain structures made from fungal metabolites, for example crustose lichens sometimes have a polysaccharide layer in the cortex.
• Lichens also sometimes contain structures made from fungal metabolites, for example crustose lichens sometimes have a polysaccharide layer in the cortex.
• Foliose lichens attach to surfaces by hyphae in the lower cortex with smaller root like structures called rhizines ( Lichens of North America Pg 3, 13 ).
• His botanical researches were mainly among the mosses, liverworts, and lichens.
• The early colonizers-often algae, cyanobacteria and lichens-stabilize the substrate.
• Mosses are commonly confused with lichens, diploid sporophyte generation is dominant.
• Herbivorous animals at these elevations depend on lichens, grasses, and herbs.
• Overall, about 100 species are known to occur as autotrophs in lichens.
• If the air is clean, shrubby, hairy and leafy lichens become abundant.
• Some crustose lichens have thalli consisting of scattered or loosely grouped granules.
• Moss campion, scurvy grass, sea mayweed and lichens on the rocky foreshore.
• The larvae of a number of Lepidoptera species feed exclusively on lichens.
• Litmus: Mixture of coloured organic compounds obtained from several species of lichens.
• One of his favorite expeditions was to collect endolithic lichens in Antarctica.
• Current cryptogamic research areas include: diatoms, algae, fungi, lichens, bryophytes and ferns.
• Many thousands of microfungal species occur in lichens, forming symbiotic relationships with algae.
• The majority of lichens are confined to one particular kind of gonidium (i.e.
• Daisies, wild asters and lupine, grasses, lichens, hawkweed, goldenrod, thistles and birdfoot violets.
• He studied how cryptogam communities ( lichens and bryophytes ) change with differing forest composition.
• There are over 66 species of lichens in the bog, primarily lignicolous types.
• Believe me, you'll never look at mosses and lichens in the same way again.
• In addition to these, many exotic lichens, belonging especially to Parmelia and Sticta (e.g.
• It is here worthy of notice that the apothecia of several calcicolous lichens (e.g.
• Proto-lichens were Doushantuo phosphorite formation ( 0.6 Ga ) and in laterites, Earth's first soils.
• It was while studying the lichens of Howth that she discovered how lichens by the shore grow in distinct tidal zones that can be distinguished by their colour : black, orange and grey.
• Dyes included woad for blue and less frequently madder and lichens for reds and purples.
• (a) With respect to corticolous lichens, some prefer the rugged bark of old trees (e.g.
• Let me introduce you to these algae and lichens, so you can make an informed decision.
• There is low but abundant vegetation, consisting of mosses, lichens, liverworts, ferns, grasses, sedges, and crowberry.
• The holdings include 250.000 specimens of ferns and spermatophytes, 30.000 algae, 17.000 moss, and 8.000 lichens.
• Patterns in Nature: Mysterious Earth Lichens grow on a granite gravestone in Lake Champlain, New York.
• In the field of lichenology, he conducted anatomical and developmental studies on the thallus of lichens.
• Lichen fungi are usually ascomycetes although the other two higher fungi are sometimes found in lichens.
• Funf stuck gives ten free living algae which have been identified as the gonidia of lichens.
• Alexander, R.W. and Calvo, A. The influence of lichens on slope processes in some Spanish badlands.
• Tardigrades are prevalent in mosses and lichens and feed on plant cells, algae, and small invertebrates.
• Phylogenetic analysis has shown that this family is related to the Pertusariaceae, another family of lichens.
• The outcroppings have additional interest because club mosses and lichens can be found on their surfaces.
• In 1896 he returned to Germany with an extensive collection of mosses, lichens, ferns and phanerogams.
• Like human farmers growing plants, the fungi in lichens cultivate their own photosynthesizing food source, the algae.
• Filamentous, byssoid, leprose, gelatinous, and other lichens do not have a cortex, which is called being ecorticate.
• In crustose areolate lichens, the edges of the areolas peel up from the substrate and appear leafy.
• This promotes soil building and the environment becomes suitable for growth of foliose and fruticose type of lichens.
• All was not lost, however, as lichens are discovered in the rocks at the base of Tithonium Chasma.
• Many lichens, such as the Verrucariae and Collemaceae, are found in the best condition during the winter months.
• A similar relation between oil formation and the nature of the substratum has been observed in many lichens.
• Many of the dyes are made from lichens, the useful ones for this purpose being known as crottle.
• Lichens have a main body part called the thallus, which is composed of hyphae, and houses the fruticose.
• Mosses and lichens provide much of the patchy ground cover, forming mats rather than carpets with bare ground between.
• ORCIN, a dioxytoluene, C 6 H 3 (CH 3)(OH) 2 (1 :3: 5), found in many lichens, e.g.
• Of great historical and commercial significance are lichens belonging to the family Roccellaceae, commonly called orchella weed or orchil.
• The trees on this bog were bonsai-like black spruce, red maple, and occasional scrawny larch covered with lichens.
• There are no large land animals but bacteria, nematodes, springtails, mites, and midges live on the mosses and lichens.
• Yes, there are, but the power source for lichens is sunlight, and how does that get inside a rock.
• The full list of values for : amphibian, arthropod, bird, bryophyte, fern, forb, graminoid, lichens, mammal, reptile, shrub, tree, and vine.
• Usnic acid is the most commonly studied metabolite produced by lichens and has been associated with the suppression of tuberculosis.
• These are not the only tar lichens present on the shore and they are difficult to distinguish from each other.
• Other species that can tolerate the acidic soils of the taiga are lichens and mosses, yellow nutsedge and water horsetail.
• In squamulose lichens the part of the lichen thallus that is not attached to the substrate may also appear leafy.
• The growth of lichens is extremely slow and many of them take years before they arrive at a spore-bearing stage.
• The southern part is dry, with poor bog moss cover, short common heather, deer sedge, cross-leaved heath and Cladonia lichens.
• Estuarine Lichens (Link) 2 February 2005 On the Adur at mid-tide, two Little Grebes were diving underwater near Cuckoo's Corner.
• Throughout the garden a rich patina of moss, lichens ferns and saxifrages gives a sub-tropical feel to the whole area.
• Today studies in lichenology are not restricted to the description and taxonomy of lichens but have application in various scientific fields.
• Donk was also the president of the Nomenclature Committee of the International Botanical Congresses, in the Committee for Fungi and Lichens.
• On the other hand, lichens, previously regarded as autonomous plants, are now known to be dual organisms - fungi symbiotic with algae.
• Peysonellia squamaria, Melobesia lichenoides, Leathesia difformis are forms which are not attached throughout but grow in plates like the foliaceous lichens.
• It does not show ascocarps or other reproductive structures, belonging to the group commonly known as the'Fungi or lichens imperfecti'in the UK.
• Estuarine Lichens (Link) 2 February 2005 On the Adur at mid-tide, two Little Grebes were diving underwater near Cuckoo 's Corner.
• In crustose and foliose lichens, algae in the photobiontic layer are diffuse among the fungal filaments, decreasing in gradation into the layer below.
• With these investigations the number of antibacterial substances and possible drug targets known to be produced by lichens increased ergosterol, usnic acid etc.
• LICHENS, in botany, compound or dual organisms each consisting of an association of a higher fungus, with a usually unicellular, sometimes filamentous, alga.
• Gelatinous, byssoid, and leprose lichens lack a cortex ( are ecorticate ), and generally have only undifferentiated tissue, similar to only having a symbiont layer.
• There are only two species of flowering plant, Antarctic hair grass and Antarctic pearlwort, but a range of mosses, liverworts, lichens and macrofungi.
• These cyanobacteria are generally more rich in nitrogen-fixing cells called heterocysts than those cyanobacteria which may live in the main thalli of lichens.
• This form of relationship is now known in other groups of plants (see Bacteriology and Fungi), but it was first discovered in the lichens.
• The life of many lichens thus consists of alternating periods of activity when moisture is plentiful, and completely suspended animation under conditions of dryness.
• The American Bryological and Lichenological Society is one such organization, and they hold joint field trips to see habitats with mosses, liverworts, and lichens.
• The underside of the leaf-like lobes of foliose lichens is a different color from the top side ( dorsiventral ), often brown or black, sometimes white.
• They mainly eat lichens in winter, especially reindeer moss. However, they also eat the leaves of willows and birches, as well as sedges and grasses.
• Dr . Irwin M . Brodo, lichenologist emeritus at the Canadian Museum of Nature, who wrote most of the text, has studied lichens for more than 40 years.
• In the arts, as food and as medicine, many lichens have been highly esteemed, though others are not now employed for the same purposes as formerly.
• Some lichens are delicious enough to flavor candies ( Mr . Sharnoff enjoyed a lichen-flavored pastille during a telephone interview ), and a few species are prized as foods.
• The nutritional components of two different edible species of lichens(Lobaria orientalis, Ramalina caduplicans)from Yunnan have been determined and compared with daily vegetables and edible fungi.
• All of St . Matthew Island lies under the management control of the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge, an area of significant phytogeographic interest for its diverse lichens.
• To give any detailed account, however, of the distribution of the different genera (not to speak of that of individual species) of lichens would necessarily far exceed available limits.
• It was discovered in December 1934 by the Byrd Antarctic Expedition sledge party under Paul Siple, and so named because of the lichens and other botanical specimens obtained there.
• Lecanora calcarea, Lecidea calcivora and several Verrucariae), while all other saxicolous lichens may be regarded as belonging to the latter, whatever may be the mineralogical character of the substra
• Still, the reindeer frequents it for its lichens, and on the drier slopes of the moraine deposits there occur four species of lemming, hunted by the Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus).
• Lichens for the herbarium should, whenever possible, be sought for on a slaty or laminated rock, so as to procure them on flat thin pieces of the same, suitable for mounting.
• This is especially the case in the lichens (symbiotic organisms composed of a fungal mycelium in association with algal cells), which are usually exposed to very severe fluctuations in external condit
• The majority of the lichens, however, possess a stratified thallus in which the gonidia are found as a definite layer or layers embedded in a pseudoparenchymatous mass of fungal hyphae, i.e.
• Lichens are found growing in various situations such as bare earth, the bark of trees, dead wood, the surface of stones and rocks, where they have little competition to fear from ordinary plants.
• The summits of some of the mountains are too high for trees and above belts of dwarf spruce, balsam and birch they are clothed chiefly with sandworts, diapensia, cassiope, rushes, sedges and lichens.
• Their food is entirely vegetable, especially grass roots and stalks, shoots of dwarf birch, reindeer lichens and mosses, in search of which they form, in winter, long galleries through the turf or und
• In the two genera of lichens - the Basidiolichens - i n which the fungus is a member of the Basidiomycetes, we have the fructification characteristic of that class of fungi: these are dealt with separ
• Owing to the similarity of structure and mode of life it is convenient to treat the Lichens (q.v.) as a distinct class, while recognizing that the component fungus and alga are representatives of thei
• He was inspired by his work as a leading lichenologist -lichens were of major interest at the time as it had recently been shown that they exhibit a symbiotic relationship between fungi and algae.
• (2) The tundra or region of intensely cold winters, forbidding tree-growth, where mosses and lichens cover most of the ground when unfrozen, and shrubs occur of species which in other conditions are t
• Though so little sensitive to drought and extremes of temperature lichens appear to be very easily affected by the presence in the air of noxious substances such as are found in large cities or manufa